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Henry Maudsley FRCP (5 February 1835 – 23 January 1918) was a pioneering British psychiatrist, commemorated in the Maudsley Hospital in London and in the annual Maudsley Lecture of the Royal College of Psychiatrists. ==Early life and career== Maudsley was born on an isolated farm near Giggleswick in the North Riding of Yorkshire and educated at Giggleswick School. Maudsley lost his mother at an early age. His aunt cared for him, teaching him poetry which he would recite to the servants, and secured for him a top tutor and an expensive apprenticeship to University College London medical school.〔(On the Borderland: Henry Maudsley and Psychiatric Darwinism )〕 He earned ten Gold Medals and graduated with an M.D. degree in 1857, though is said to have avoided subjects and clinical work he found onerous and to have antagonised his teachers.〔 He apparently had some intention to then pursue a career in surgery but, according to his autobiography, when he didn't receive a letter of reply to his first application because it was mistakenly sent to his old address, he changed his mind and decide to leave the country to work for the East India Company. However this required him to first do six months in an asylum, so he gained an asylum job at the West Riding Asylum in Wakefield for nine months. He then worked, less happily, at the Essex County Asylum at Brentwood for a brief period.〔(Masters of Bedlam: The Transformation of the Mad-Doctoring Trade ) Andrew Scull, Charlotte MacKenzie, Nicholas Hervey. Princeton University Press, 14 Jul 2014〕 At the age of 23, Maudsley was appointed medical superintendent at the small middle-class Manchester Royal Lunatic Asylum in Cheadle Royal. Despite being relatively inexperienced both clinically and administratively, he successfully raised patient numbers and income. He returned to London in 1862, taking up residence in Queen Anne St., Cavendish Square and, in 1865, he applied, unsuccessfully, for the position of Physician to the Bethlem Royal Hospital; however, he did obtain a position as a physician to the West London Hospital. It was thus that Maudsley had ended his relatively brief time in public and charitable asylums. In the same year he was appointed co-editor of the flagship Journal of Medical Science, an influential position he would retain for 15 years. Maudsley was elected a Fellow of the Royal College of Physicians and delivered their Gulstonian Lectures in 1870 – on ''Body and Mind''. The text of Maudsley's lectures was studied carefully by Charles Darwin in the preparation of his ''The Expression of the Emotions in Man and Animals'' (1872). Maudsley was appointed Professor of Medical Jurisprudence at University College London from 1869 to 1879.〔Mary Elizabeth Leighton, Lisa Surridge. (2012). ''The Broadview Anthology of Victorian Prose, 1832–1901''. Broadview Press. p. 197. ISBN 978-1551118604〕 Maudsley married John Conolly's daughter, Ann Conolly, in February 1866, and from 1866 took over the running of Conolly's private mental asylum, Lawn House, housing six wealthy women, until 1874. He then withdrew from public life and focused on authoring and on an extremely lucrative and secretive private consultancy for the very wealthy, possibly aristocratic, in the West End of London.〔(Inconvenient People: Lunacy, Liberty and the Mad-Doctors in Victorian England, 2012 )〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Henry Maudsley」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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